Effect of reaction condition on microstructure and properties of (NiCuZn)Fe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation with ultrasonic irradiation

Nano-spinel ferrites synthesized via chemical co-precipitation method are small in size and have serious agglomeration phenomenon, which makes separation difficult in the subsequent process. Ni_0.4Cu_0.2Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄ ferrites nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation assisted with ultrasonic irradiation produced by ultrasonic cleaner with 20 kHz frequency using chlorinated salts and KOH as initial materials. The effects of ultrasonic power (0, 40 W, 60 W, 80 W) and reaction temperature on the microstructure and magnetic properties of ferrite nanoparticles were investigated. The structure analyses via XRD revealed the successful formation of pure (NiCuZn)Fe₂O₄ ferrites nanospinel without any impurity. The crystallites sizes were less than 40 nm and the lattice constant was near 8.39 Å. The TEM showed ferrite particle polygonal. M−H analyses performed the saturation magnetization and coercivity of ferrite nanoparticles obtained at the reaction temperature of 25℃ were higher than at 50℃ with same power. The samples exhibited the highest values of Ms 55.67 emu/g at 25℃ and 47.77 emu/g at 50℃ for 60 W and the lowest values of Hc 71.23 Oe at 25℃ for 40 W and 52.85 Oe at 50℃ for 60 W. The squareness ratio (SQR) were found to be lower than 0.5, which revealed the single magnetic domain nature (NiCuZn)Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles. All the outcomes show the ultrasonic irradiation has positive effects on improving the microstructure and increasing magnetic properties.     

Preparation and Characterization of Poly (D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) Nanoparticles Loaded with Linamarin for Controlled Drug Release

Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with linamarin as a model drug were successfully prepared using the double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The physicochemical characterization of the formulated nanoparticles revealed that they were spherical, nonaggregated, and negatively charged, with good drug encapsulation efficiencies (>50%) and average particle sizes <200 nm. Interestingly, all the nanoparticles exhibited dibasic release profiles with a starting burst release within the first 8 h, followed by a controlled release phase lasting four days. Thus, linamarin-loaded nanoparticles indicate a promising candidate for controlled drug release applications.     

Polymeric Nanoparticles Stabilized by Surfactants: Kinetic Studies

A kinetic study was carried out to monitor the time-dependent formation of surfactant-stabilized polymeric nanoparticles prepared by controlled phase separation. The nanoparticles were made of poly(methylmethacrylate) or polystyrene and several ionic and nonionic surfactants. The dispersion was prepared by fast mixing a solution of the polymers in organic solvents with a solution of a surfactant in water. We observed the formation of well-defined nanoparticles measured by time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering (TR-SAXS). Our results suggest that the kinetics for the formation of nanoparticles comprising ionic surfactants is much faster (in the range of milliseconds) than that for nanoparticles comprising nonionic surfactants (on the time scales of several seconds). We were able to observe the transformation of particle surface from transient structure to hard sphere one in real time. Some systems manifest a plethora of structural changes that demands further experimental research.     

Synthesis of Sulfated Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharide Derivatives with Potent Anti-Aids Virus Activity

Abstract

Sulfated synthetic polysaccharides (with both high anti-AIDS virus activity and high anticoagulant activity) were prepared by sulfating such synthetic polysaccharides as ribopyranan, ribofuranans, and dextrans. Sulfated natural polysaccharides with high anti-AIDS virus activity but low anticoagulant activity were synthesized from lentinan and curdlan. It is assumed that curdlan sulfate will be helpful as an AIDS drug. In addition, sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides with high anti-AIDS virus activity were prepared.     

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Drug Delivery System: Biodegradable Nanoparticles in Thermosensitive Chitosan/Gelatin Blend Hydrogels

A novel injectable in situ gelling drug delivery system (DDS) consisting of biodegradable N-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) nanoparticles and thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin blend hydrogels was developed for prolonged and sustained controlled drug release. Four different HTCC nanoparticles, prepared based on ionic process of HTCC and oppositely charged molecules such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan, were incorporated physically into thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin blend solutions to form the novel DDSs. Resulting DDSs interior morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of nanoparticles composition on both the gel process and the gel strength was investigated from which possible hydrogel formation mechanisms were inferred. Finally, bovine serum albumin (BSA), used as a model protein drug, was loaded into four different HTCC nanoparticles to examine and compare the effects of controlled release of these novel DDSs. The results showed that BSA could be sustained and released from these novel DDSs and the release rate was affected by the properties of nanoparticle: the slower BSA release rate was observed from DDS containing nanoparticles with a positive charge than with a negative charge. The described injectable drug delivery systems might have great potential application for local and sustained delivery of protein drugs.     

Preparation, characterization and adhesive properties of di- and tri-hydroxy benzoyl chitosan nanoparticles

Modified chitosans with 3,4-di-hydroxy benzoyl groups (CS-DHBA) and 3,4,5-tri-hydroxy benzoyl groups (CS-THBA) were synthesized and their nanoparticles were prepared via ionic crosslinking by tripolyphosphate (TPP). The chemical structure and degree of substitution (DS) of di-and tri-hydroxy benzoyl chitosans are determined by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The morphology of particles, size distribution and zeta potential of nanoparticles were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. The mean diameters of particles of CS-DHBA and CS-THBA nanoparticles were 144 nm and 112 nm, respectively. It was found that the particles size decreased slightly with decreasing the degree of substitution and increasing degree of deacetylation (DD), due to increasing of ionic crosslinking of ammonium ions and polyanions of tripolyphosphate. The TEM photographs of CS-DHBA show that these particles are spherical in shape, but the particles of CS-THBA show some aggregation. In addition, the solubility and the mechanical properties of the prepared modified chitosans and their nanoparticles were evaluated for bio-adhesive and biomedical application. The results of solubility tests indicated that, the CS-DHBA and CS-THBA have higher solubility at pH > 7 comparing to CS. Also the CS-DHBA, CS-THBA and their nanoparticles showed a significant adhesive capacity and enhanced tensile strength and tensile modulus.     

Author Index to Volume 24

Abstract

The preparation of fairly monodisperse nanoparticles of zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, and lead chromate using a polymer–surfactant gel matrix as the template to resist particle clustering is been described. A hydrophobically modified polymer (chloride salt of N,N′‐dimethyl‐N‐methyl derivative of hydroxymethyl cellulose, JR 400) and a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) have been used to form the gel matrix. The nanodispersions formed in the gel at different precursor concentrations have been characterized by the TEM and SEM. Their UV‐visible and fluorescence spectra have been measured and analyzed. The band gaps and other characteristic properties of the nanomaterials have been estimated from the spectral data. A procedure for isolation of the products from the gel is described.     

脂质纳米颗粒的制备及在基因治疗中的应用

基因治疗已经成为人类治疗疾病的一种重要手段.然而,为了将基因药物用于临床,需要更加复杂的递送系统.脂质纳米颗粒(LNPs)系统是目前领先的非病毒递送系统,在治疗诊断学方面取得了许多令人鼓舞的进展,其具有实现基因药物临床治疗应用的潜力.由于LNPs纳米尺寸的优势及类脂化合物的生物相容性和生物降解性,LNPs能够克服阻碍基...     

纳米复合杂多酸H3PW12O40/SiO2催化剂的制备、表征及其应用研究

采用溶胶 凝胶法合成出具有Keggin结构的纳米复合杂多酸H3 PW12 O40 /SiO2 催化材料 ,用IR ,UV ,XRD ,TEM等手段研究了其结构形态 ;并考察了纳米催化剂对合成丙烯酸正丁酯的应用研究。结果表明 ,H3 PW12 O40 /SiO2 催化剂平均粒径为 4 0nm ,是一种非晶态复合物 ,H3 PW12 O40 和SiO2 之间存在着强烈的化学作用 ,纳米粒子对合成丙烯酸正丁酯有很好的催化活性 ,其最佳催化条件为 :酸醇摩尔比为 1∶1 2 ,催化剂用量为酸质量的 10 % ,反应温度为 90～ 96℃ ,反应时间 5h ,酯化率达到 94 37% ,酯收率为 91 2 %。这与纳米粒子具有较强的酸表面中心 ,高的比表面积以及“假液相”行为有关     

Luminescence studies on ZnO-P2O5 glasses doped with Gd2O3:Eu nanoparticles and Eu2O3

Zinc phosphate glasses doped with Gd₂O₃:Eu nanoparticles and Eu₂O₃ were prepared by conventional melt-quench method and characterized for their luminescence properties. Binary ZnO-P₂O₅ glass is characterized by an intrinsic defect centre emission around 324 nm. Strong energy transfer from these defect centres to Eu³⁺ ions has been observed when Eu₂O₃ is incorporated in ZnO-P₂O₅ glasses. Lack of energy transfer from these defect centres to Eu³⁺ in Gd₂O₃:Eu nanoparticles doped ZnO-P₂O₅ glass has been attributed to effective shielding of Eu³⁺ ions from the luminescence centre by Gd-O-P type of linkages, leading to an increased distance between the luminescent centre and Eu³⁺ ions. Both doped and undoped glasses have the same glass transition temperature, suggesting that the phosphate network is not significantly affected by the Gd₂O₃:Eu nanoparticles or Eu₂O₃ incorporation.